who was adham sing?

 what is the story behind the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?

Adham sing. common hero of Hindus, Muslims , Sikhs.

    Adham Singh's parents died when he was a child and he spent his youth in an orphanage in Amritsar.

    The date was March 13, 1940 and it was afternoon.  Former Lieutenant Governor of Punjab Michael O'Dwyer was present at Caxton Hall in London.  Suddenly a Sikh youth approached him and shot him.  After firing the shot, he made no attempt to run away and remained at the scene.

    The young man finally got his revenge, for which he arrived in London from Amritsar six years ago in 1934. This member of the Ghadar Party, which was working against the British imperialist occupation of the subcontinent, was named Udham Singh and he took this pledge.  What did  This killing is a revenge for the Jallianwala Bagh incident in Indian Punjab in 1919.

    By surrendering himself to the British government, Adham Singh wanted to convey to the world why he killed Dyer, but at that moment he became a hero to some and a villain to others.

    When he was executed in England, he became known as 'Shahid Azam' in India.

    Three more people were injured in his shooting at Caxton Hall.  That same day, he told investigators, "I shot to protest."  I have seen people starve to death in the British Empire.  I don't regret protesting.

    Adham Singh was mentally prepared that his act would result in his death.  "I don't care," he said.  I don't mind dying.  What is the point of waiting to die of old age?  You should die young, that's what I'm doing.  I am dying for my country.'

    Some of his ashes were scattered on the river Sutlej, some were scattered at places associated with different religions and some were kept in Jallianwala Bagh.

    Adham Singh's parents died when he was a child and he spent his youth in an orphanage in Amritsar.

    At the age of 20, he witnessed the Jallianwala Bagh incident in which hundreds of people were killed.  They were all unarmed who had gathered to celebrate Baisakhi festival and peacefully protest against the arrest of Congress leaders Saifuddin Kuchlu and Satya Pal.

    About Adham Singh's presence in this gathering, Fauja Singh writes in his book 'Eminent Freedom Fighters of Punjab' that Adham Singh had gone there to save the husband of a woman named Ratna Devi whose body was being identified.  There was a bullet in his right arm.

    Fauja Singh further writes that 'It was here that Adham Singh vowed to give a befitting punishment to the main culprit, Michael Dyer.'

    Almost two decades after the incident, Adham Singh finally got a chance to avenge the massacre.  After being detained, he identified himself as 'Ram Muhammad Singh Azad' and insisted that he be known only by that name to convey a message of unity among his countrymen.

    Journalist Anita Anand writes that in the immediate aftermath of Michael Dyer's murder, at least 31 departments launched an investigation into who he was, but initially little information emerged.

    By the time Adham Singh made this statement, World War II had already begun.

    General Reginald Dyer said that he was dismissed only for the performance of duty.

    Britain's opponents also wanted to take advantage of this opportunity.  Nazi Germany's Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebel declared that Dyer was an extremely ruthless and bloodthirsty governor.  Goebel added that in the previous war they had forced the Punjabis to shed their blood for the sake of Britain.  The killing was vindictive and justified.  We believe that there is going to be a massive uprising in India.

Anand believes that the government, fearing the harmful implications of this incident for the British Empire in India, tried to portray Adham Singh as a 'lone wolf', implying that he became now now no longer part of a larger conspiracy. Or they did now not have ideological backing.

    But the truth modified into extraordinary. He have become a member of Ghadar Party from 1924 which have become a militant company and modified into in the direction of the imperialist powers.

    Most of its contributors were Indians living in America. On Bhagat Singh's appeal, Adham Singh decided to move again to India from America but changed into quick arrested with arms and anti-British magazines, Ghadar Di Darri and Ghadar Di Gunj, and sentenced to four years in jail.

    He become inspired via Bhagat Singh and his ideas. According to historians JS Grewal and SK Puri, a one year after Bhagat Singh's execution, Adham Singh became seen dancing with a small image of Bhagat Singh in his hand, as a substitute he desired that the day Bhagat Singh have become accomplished. have become given, moreover they want to die on the identical day.

    After his release from jail, Hakut end up seeking out him, but he managed to acquire Britain in 1934 through Kashmir and Germany.

    Former Lieutenant Governor of Punjab, Michael O'Dwyer

    In Britain, he frequented a Gurdwara in London in which he met Shiv Singh Johal, a former revolutionary who had migrated there withinside the 1920s. The  have turn out to be so close to that Adham Singh wrote his first letter to Johal even as he became in jail after shooting Dyer.

    In his letters he used to request Johal to deliver specific books together with Heer Waris Shah for affidavit in court docket.

    He mocked the British rule and wrote in the ones letters that he became now a vacationer of the royal family. He similarly wrote in the ones letters that he did now not need a legal professional to defend himself but preferred to "make Phande his bride" truely as his hero Bhagat Singh "favored to marry death".

    In this type of letters Adham Singh asked Johal for the Quran but moreover wrote that 'I left my God in India but I in reality have heard that there may be an English God which I do now not recognize and I eat cows and pigs. because of the reality they may be Europeans.'

    He come to be trying to say a few element thriller but possibly Johal did now no longer apprehend him. He sent some books of Quran and poetry. Frustrated, Singh made a laugh of Johal's name and wrote, "Mr. Jahal Singh, I am sending your books again."

    When Adham Singh modified into now no longer capable of get maintain of his favorite 'ee-e-book', he smuggled out a letter with the help of the jail warden. In this letter he become more easy. The first few strains of it were in English, but due to the fact the government study all communications, the the relaxation changed into in Urdu, which the British there did now not recognize the manner to study.

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    He wrote that the above English traces are nonsense. The trick is that they need a observed that Johal hides in an vintage ee-ebook and sends them to jail.

    But the government have been cautious thru now. The officials look at his letter and Adham Singh did now not find his 'ee-e-book', but this made the government fear that he favored to commit suicide and his take a look at glasses were moreover confiscated from him.

    They went on a hunger strike that lasted for 40  days until the day of their execution, except when they were force-fed.

    He moreover wrote letters to a 'maid' but it isn't smooth who or what she have become.

When Adham Singh modified into performed in England, he have turn out to be mentioned as 'Shaheed Azam' in India

    Anand quoted a thriller memo sent to the director of the Indian Intelligence Bureau as saying that on the morning Adham Singh killed Dyer, he went to the India Office "to signify an exit permit".

    According to the memo, "he definitely went there to meet one of the Indian advisers, Hasan Suhrawardy, but he modified into now not there at the time."

    On his way out, Adham Singh observed a phrase board saying a joint meeting of the East India Association and the Central Asian Society on the afternoon of 13 March, at which Dyer modified into to attend. He went immediately to the meeting.

    Dyer and one-of-a-kind audio device sat withinside the the the front row. Singh stood withinside the right part of the hall. As speedy due to the fact the meeting changed into over, he rushed in advance and emptied all six bullets from his gun into his frame.

    Another 25 bullets and a knife were seized from them.

    In India, Mahatma Gandhi known as his act 'madness'. Initially, Nehru moreover reacted negatively to this but later said that Udham Singh had "embraced setting for our freedom".

    However, more youthful Congress leaders raised slogans in useful resource of Singh at the birthday party's annual meeting and birthday celebration representatives withinside the Punjab Assembly flatly refused to condemn Udham Singh.

    Before his murder trial started out, the British government modified into concerned that Udham Singh may use the opportunity to promote his views.

    The government tried to control the facts. For example, the Secretary of State to the Government of India wrote to the Governor General that the data agency 'has reached an agreement with Reuters and we will do the entirety feasible to prevent messages through special channels in conjunction with the Censorship Bureau. .'

    While the British government tried to manipulate the narrative. Adham Singh left no stone unturned on his factor.

    He modified into privy to the outcomes of his moves in court docket. Neither of the criminal specialists stated the Jallianwala Bagh bloodshed at a few level withinside the trial.

    He did now not show an entire lot interest withinside the court docket docket proceedings but as speedy due to the fact the determine asked him if he would like to say anything, Adham Singh have end up animated.

    He took out a study from his pocket and started out reading. I am fame in advance than an English jury in an English court docket. You go to India and whilst you return back once more you are rewarded and made a part of the House of Commons but whilst we come to England we are located to death.'

    "Well, I do now no longer care, but while you return back to India, the ones ruling people call themselves intellectuals, they'll be bloodthirsty and without hesitation order tool guns on Indian students," he added. .'

    He emphasized that he emerge as now not in competition to the British people but had wonderful sympathy for the humans of England. He became simplest toward the 'dirty British government'

    The determine ordered them to be taken farfar from there, but they saved shouting that you human beings are dirty. You do now no longer want to pay interest from us what you are doing in India. beasts  beasts  beasts  Great Britain, British imperialism is dead.'

    As he left, he spat at the barristers and tore up his notes and threw them withinside the air.

    Anand writes that 'his voice stored pronouncing revolution, revolution, revolution'.

    The British government changed into quite a fulfillment in preventing the records from getting out. The press did now not record Adham Singh's final words. Most of the documents related to his case have been ordered to be sealed for 100 years.

    Adham Singh became hanged on July 31, 1940, almost seven years in advance than the departure of British rule from the subcontinent and its partition.

    His baby's property were decrease again to his pal Johal, but his ashes were now now no longer. In 1974, Britain allowed him to head lower back to India at the insistence of the then Indian government.

    The ultimate rites of 'Ram Muhammad Singh Azad' have been carried out thru manner of way of a priest, a Maulvi and a Granthi.

    A part of his ashes were scattered on the river Sutlej, and the opportunity factor become scattered at places associated with precise religions.